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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

温暖回家路丨春运首日“护龙人”：每天弯腰、蹲起上千次为运输安全保驾护航******

　　大河网讯 1月7日，春运首日，阳光明媚。在中国铁路郑州局集团公司郑州车辆段南五里堡客车整备场，一列列精检细修、整装待发的客车像一条条绿色长龙，等待着开往“美丽的春天”。繁忙的整备场，穿着工装、戴着口罩的客车检车员们不停穿梭在车体间，他们就是——春运里的“护龙人”。

　　每年春运，铁路部门都要对郑州局集团公司所有配属的旅客列车进行客车大整修，迅速修复各种不良隐患，并重点从防燃轴切轴、防客车火灾、防列车分离、防制动故障、防运行品质不良、防配件脱落入手，为客车查找病灶，整治病害，补充营养，强壮筋骨。

　　随着新冠疫情防控形势向好，企业复工复产加速，不少列车已重新投入使用。郑州车辆段是郑州局集团有限公司唯一的普速客车检修单位，担负着67列1139辆图定列车车辆的日常检查、故障处理和技术保养等繁重任务，确保这些即将“开往春天”的列车行车安全。根据测算，这个段除保证图定客车正常开行外，还需编组临客车底29组526辆。

　　为此，春运期间，这个段紧密围绕客车车体运用实际，科学调配检修计划，实施车辆检修定人、定责、定标的管理制度，统一车辆整修标准，对图定客车和临客列车进行全面整备。

　　李俊，郑州车辆段库检车间青年突击队检车员，作为一名“00后”，李俊的主要工作就是对进入客整所的客车车体进行逐辆检查，确保车辆各部件状态良好。今年是他经历的第二个春运，1月7日，李俊正在检查一列209P转向架型号的车体，他左胸前挎着的一台对讲机不断传出指令，右手提着一把点检锤，木质的锤把已乌黑锃亮，尖尖的锤头也已经被磨圆。

　　李俊熟练地探入车底，脑袋探进侧架内侧，提起点检锤“滴滴答答”地敲击着转向架摇枕，静静地辨识着金属撞击的声音，整个过程不停地变换姿势，眼睛像鹰一样巡查着每一个部件。通过眼看、耳听、手拉、指摸等方式，找出列车的“病因”，及时修正。

　　李俊说：“在定岗前，师傅告诉我这种车型检查重点主要在车体下部组件，需要仔细敲击部件，听音辨别部件是否存在问题，如遇问题部件要及时处理，并再次确认修复后的部件状态良好。尤其是春运期间，列车疲劳运行更易引发各种不良隐患，作为检车员更应该严格按照标准，做到精检细修。”

　　不一会，李俊从车底钻出，嘴里默念一句：“敲击声音未见异常，该车状态良好。”接着向下一辆车走去。因行车安全需要，客车车体检查作业都是在露天场所开展，场内没有树木、没有任何可以遮挡的设施。春运期间，室外温度最低将达到零下10摄氏度。检车员长时间的室外作业，每天行走的步数通常在两三万步，用检点锤敲击的次数达到上万次，弯腰、蹲起的次数多达上千次。

　　据了解，郑州车辆段以客车电采暖系统、制动系统检查整治为重点，紧盯关键补强短板。在客整场库停期间，组织作业班组对易冻覆冰部位和制动系统供风管路实施全面防寒检查，对车内空调、伴热装置等重要设施逐一检查。针对近期气温骤降的实际，组织作业人员及时供电供暖，为夜间停放的客车保暖驱寒，确保次日安全出库、上线良好运行。

　　围绕春运客车安全，突出大部件脱落、防溜等安全关键，开展安全隐患排查整治，加大对关键岗位、关键作业、关键部位的检查盯控力度，在全面做好列车转向架、塞拉门、车内服务设施等关键部位日常巡检的基础上，重点对车上车下的供水管路和用水设施进行全面平推检查。

　　春运期间，这个段结合春运开行方案，提高作业人员的应急处置能力，从严从细做好应急故障的判断和处置，为假期运输安全保驾护航。（记者 祝传鹏 通讯员 刘雨）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）